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atism kya ha aur kyu juta ha

 آٹزم کو اردو میں "خود مرکزیت" یا "ذاتی توجہ" کہا جا سکتا ہے۔ طبی اصطلاح میں اسے "طیف خود مرکزیت" ( طیفِ آٹزم) یا "آٹزم سپیکٹرم ڈس آرڈر" (Autism Spectrum Disorder - ASD) بھی کہتے ہیں۔

آٹزم ایک پیچیدہ عصبیاتی اور نشوونم سے متعلق کیفیت ہے جو بچپن میں ظاہر ہوتی ہے۔ یہ سماجی تعامل، مواصلات، رویوں اور دلچسپیوں کو مختلف طریقوں سے متاثر کرتی ہے۔ یہ ایک "سپیکٹرم ڈس آرڈر" ہے، جس کا مطلب ہے کہ اس کی شدت ہر فرد میں مختلف ہو سکتی ہے۔ کچھ افراد معمولی طور پر متاثر ہوتے ہیں جبکہ دوسروں میں شدید علامات ظاہر ہو سکتی ہیں۔

آٹزم کی کچھ عام علامات میں شامل ہیں:

  • سماجی تعامل میں مشکلات: دوسروں کے ساتھ تعلقات بنانے اور برقرار رکھنے میں دشواری، سماجی اشاروں کو سمجھنے میں پریشانی، آنکھوں میں آنکھیں ڈالنے سے گریز۔
  • مواصلات میں مشکلات: بولنے میں تاخیر، الفاظ یا جملوں کو بار بار دہرانا، بات چیت شروع کرنے یا جاری رکھنے میں دشواری، غیر زبانی مواصلات (جیسے اشارے، چہرے کے تاثرات) کو سمجھنے میں پریشانی۔
  • محدود اور دہرائے جانے والے رویے: مخصوص چیزوں یا موضوعات میں گہری دلچسپی، ایک ہی طرح کی حرکات کو بار بار کرنا (جیسے ہاتھ ہلانا، جسم کو جھولنا)، روزمرہ کے معمولات میں تبدیلی کو برداشت نہ کرنا۔
  • حسی حساسیت: بعض آوازوں، روشنیوں، چھونے، ذائقوں یا بو سے غیر معمولی ردعمل ظاہر کرنا۔

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