what is psychology?
psychology is the scientific study if human behavior and mental process.
according to good theory" psychology is the field of science dedicated to understanding human motivations, behavior, and the mind. It encompasses a wide variety of subfields, and psychologists may engage in a number of scientific practices.
according to Wikia
"psychology is the science of the behavior and mind including conscious and unconscious phenomena including thoughts.
the word psychology comes from 2 Greek words psyche soul and logia mean the study of.
in 1890, william james defined psychology as "the science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions". This definition enjoyed widespread currency for decades. However, this meaning was contested, notably by radical behaviorists such as watson, who in his 1913 manifesto defined the discipline of psychology as the acquisition of information useful to the control of behavior. Also since James defined it, the term more strongly connotes techniques of scientific experimentation.folk psychology refers to the understanding of ordinary people, as contrasted with that of psychology professionals.
historical background( some important peoples work)
historical background( some important peoples work)
Ivan Pavlov 1849–1936
The man behind Pavlovian conditioning was educated in natural sciences in St Petersburg, Russia. His primary interest was physiology and it was while researching the digestive system in dogs that he made his most famous discovery – he noted that dogs would salivate before the delivery of food. Pavlov rang a bell when feeding the dogs which they soon learned to associate with food. After some time the dogs salivated in response to the bell alone. Pavlovian conditioning has a number of real-life applications including in the treatment of phobias and for aversion therapy.
Sigmund Freud: first of all freud Everyone knows who Sigmund Freud is. This Austrian philosopher and psychologist is known as the founder of modern psychoanalysis. Freud’s theories have provided a basis for modern clinical psychology, and even provided a basis for a great deal of controversy. With one of his colleagues, Joseph Breuer, he was among the first to conceive of the study of the mind and psyche. He developed several therapy techniques that are still in use today, and Freud’s concepts have made him a household name.
Carl Jung: Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung is known as the founder of analytical psychology. He had a deep interest in religion, and its effect on the psyche. Jung also pioneered the idea of dream analysis, and used dreams as part of his clinical therapy approach. He considered himself a natural scientist, and observed the development of people. One of Jung’s most interesting concepts considers the way that people become individuals — and the way that they become “whole” people. Jung is one of the most well-known clinical psychologists.
B.F. Skinner: You’ve probably heard of the Skinner box — device meant to help with operant conditioning. B.F. Skinner is known as the founder of modern behaviorism in psychology. He studied how to get people to behave in certain ways, performing famous experiments. Skinner was the founder of experimental research psychology, a branch that looked how to change people’s behavior through different types of therapy. Interestingly, Skinner was also a poet and inventor.
Carl Rogers: One of the founders of humanistic psychology, Carl Rogers was known for his person-centered approach to therapy. His techniques have been used in psychotherapy and counseling as a way to focus more on the needs of the patient/client. Rogers worked with different groups in Northern Ireland and South Africa. His work garnered him a Nobel Peace Prize nomination. The techniques used by Rogers are considered influential still, and he is considered one of the most famous clinicians of the 20th century.
Alfred Kinsey: If you think about the psychology of sex, you have to know about Alfred Kinsey. He became famous for really delving into sexual psychology and sexual development. His work was very influential, although considered controversial at its height in the 1940s and 1950s. Kinsey founded an institute for sex research, and it now bears its name. Many other sexologists and therapists have followed in his footsteps. There are plenty who still consider the Kinsey Reports to be profound works of psychological brilliance.
Erik Erikson: One of the founders of of developmental psychology, Erik Erikson is known as a pioneer in human development. You have probably heard the term “identity crisis.” Erikson was the psychologist who invented the phrase. Interestingly, he never actually received a bachelor’s degree, even though his on of the most famous clinical psychologists of all time. He taught at Yale and Harvard, and was known for his work in social psychological development. Erikson’s son, Kai, is a famous sociologist.
Jean Piaget: In terms of the “theory of knowing,” Jean Piaget is considered the pioneer. Piaget was known for his work with children, and tracking their psychological development. He worked out different theories of education, insisting that proper education for children was vital to keep societies from collapsing. His therapies and theories, as well as the epistemological studies he did with children, have made Piaget one of the most famous psychologists of all time.
Albert Ellis: This clinical psychologist is known as the founder of cognitive behavioral theories. Albert Ellis developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) in 1955, and this technique is still used today. His theories are widely believed to have revolutionized psychotherapy, helping the shift to behavior-based treatment. Prior to his death in 2007, Ellis was named the “greatest living psychologist” by Psychology Today. He also did work in the fields of sexology and religion.
Albert Bandura: One of the pioneers in social learning was Albert Bandura. He is still alive today, and is considered the greatest living psychologist by some. Bandura’s experiments with Bobo Dolls, and learning aggressive behaviors. His development of social cognitive theory, as well as personality theories, are considered quite forward-thinking and an integral part of the shift from behaviorism to cognitive psychology. Many of Bandura’s findings are still used today by psychologists helping patients with social modeling, and with other therapies.
Kay Redfield Jamison: The youngest person on this list (and the only woman) Kay Jamison is known for her work with bipolar disorder. Jamison is a clinical psychologist who centers her working on helping those with mental problems — especially bipolar disorder — effectively. Jamison has bipolar herself, and has a unique insight into the minds of her patients. She has lectured all over the world, and has authored hundreds of academic articles.
references
http://www.psychologydegree.com/10-most-famous-clinical-psychologists-of-all-time
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